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Featured Studies
Ergogenic effects of photobiomodulation on performance in the 30-second Wingate test: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Light stimulation of mitochondria reduces blood glucose levels
Photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field reduces pain in patients with chronic nonspecific neck and/or shoulder pain: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
When is the best moment to apply photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) when associated to a treadmill endurance-training program? A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Photobiomodulation therapy as a tool to prevent hamstring strain injuries by reducing soccer-induced fatigue on hamstring muscles
Effect of 830 nm low-level laser therapy applied before high-intensity exercises on skeletal muscle recovery in athletes
Muscular pre-conditioning using light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) for high-intensity exercise: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with a single elite runner
Photobiomodulation therapy (red/NIR LEDs) reduced the length of stay in intensive care unit for patients and improved muscle function: a randomized, triple-blind, and sham-controlled trial
These are some of the selected studies that highlight the effects of red and near-infrared therapy in the most effective way.
Pain and Inflammation Relief
Photobiomodulation of the microbiome: implications for metabolic and inflammatory diseases
Pain management using photobiomodulation: mechanisms, location, and repeatability quantified by pain threshold and neural biomarkers in mice
Photobiomodulation with simultaneous use of red and infrared light emitting diodes in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder: study protocol for a randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial
Low-intensity LASER and LED (photobiomodulation therapy) for pain control of the most common musculoskeletal conditions
Mechanisms and pathways of pain photobiomodulation: a narrative review
Photobiomodulation: implications for anesthesia and pain relief
Feasibility study of a LED light irradiation device for the treatment of chronic neck with shoulder muscle pain/stiffness
Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle: a systematic review and meta-analysis
When using correct wavelengths and dosages, near-infrared therapy has excellent pain relief effects. Some of the mechanisms behind these pain relief properties are due to inflammation reduction, but others use entirely different pathways. Here are some of the most significant studies on the topic.
Muscle Pre-Conditioning
Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light
Effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle repair: a systematic review
The goal of muscle pre-conditioning is to enhance muscle performance, reduce the risk of injury, and improve recovery. Clinical studies show that photobiomodulation can stimulate cellular processes that lead to improved muscle function and resilience.
Bone Healing
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in bone repair: a systematic review
Effect of low-level laser therapy on bone regeneration during osseointegration and bone graft
Effect of low level laser therapy on proliferation and differentiation of the cells contributing in bone regeneration
Near-infrared therapy promotes bone healing by stimulating osteoblast activity and enhancing the production of growth factors. As a result, these processes accelerate bone regeneration. It also improves blood circulation, ensuring that the healing bone receives sufficient oxygen and nutrients.
Tendinopathies
Photobiomodulation of pain in carpal tunnel syndrome: review of seven laser therapy studies
Comparison of photobiomodulation and anti-inflammatory drugs on tissue repair on collagenase-induced achilles tendon inflammation in rats
Laser therapy in the treatment of achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study
Analysis of pain relief and functional recovery in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy through therapeutic ultrasound and photobiomodulation therapy: a comparative study
There are numerous case studies that demonstrate the efficiency of near-infrared therapy in cases of different tendinopathies. Here are some of those studies.
Strengthening and Recovery of Joints
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on acute pain and inflammation in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty-a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy, pharmacological therapy, and physical exercise as single and/or combined treatment on the inflammatory response induced by experimental osteoarthritis
Joints are complex structures. Therefore, issues with them can be caused by different processes that involve bones, tendons, muscles, and more.
Other Scientific Studies
Low-level laser in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism induced by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
The Rationale for Photobiomodulation Therapy of Vaginal Tissue for Treatment of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Analysis of Its Mechanism of Action, and Current Clinical Outcomes
Effect of photobiomodulation associated with strengthening pelvic floor muscles in volunteers with urinary incontinence: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial
Melatonin’s Central Role in Neuroimmunoendocrinology
How Do Microorganisms Influence the Development of Endometriosis? Participation of Genital, Intestinal and Oral Microbiota in Metabolic Regulation and Immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis
Effect of photobiomodulation on alleviating primary dysmenorrhea caused by PGF
Near-infrared light therapy to attenuate strength loss after strenuous resistance exercise
PBMT and topical diclofenac as single and combined treatment on skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats: effects on biochemical and functional aspects
Near infrared/ red light therapy a potential countermeasure for mitochondrial dysfunction in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)
“Photobiomics”: can light, including photobiomodulation, alter the microbiome?
These clinical studies demonstrate the great power of photobiomodulation. By examining clinical and experimental findings, these studies aim to deepen our understanding of PBMT's mechanisms and benefits.
Endurance and Fatigue Reduction
Clinical and scientific recommendations for the use of photobiomodulation therapy in exercise performance enhancement and post-exercise recovery: current evidence and future directions
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy in aerobic endurance training and detraining in humans
Effect of phototherapy (low-level laser therapy and light-emitting diode therapy) on exercise performance and markers of exercise recovery: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Does phototherapy enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and post-exercise recovery? A systematic review
Comparison between cold water immersion therapy (CWIT) and light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in short-term skeletal muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise in athletes–preliminary results
Immediate effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with a static magnetic field on the subsequent performance: a preliminary randomized crossover triple-blinded placebo-controlled trial
Phototherapy in skeletal muscle performance and recovery after exercise: effect of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes
Infrared low-level laser therapy (photobiomodulation therapy) before intense progressive running test of high-level soccer players: effects on functional, muscle damage, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers – a randomized controlled trial
There is an increasing number of interesting studies all pointing to the fact that photobiomodulation therapy enhances endurance and reduces fatigue by improving mitochondrial function and increasing ATP production.
Near-Infrared Therapy Mechanism of Action
Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy
Is light-emitting diode phototherapy (LED-LLLT) really effective?
The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy
Melatonin as a principal component of red light therapy
Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation
Red and near-infrared therapy has been a subject of many clinical studies. While not a new form of therapy, it has been somewhat neglected by the scientific community. Luckily, this is changing and today, we have many significant papers exploring its mechanism of action.